Students – Paramedic Practice Exam

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Most gas exchange occurs in the?
Brown-Séquard syndrome is caused by partial cutting of one side of the spinal cord, resulting in sensory and motor loss on which side?
Which Mallampati class indicates the most difficult airway?
Which movement is described as moving toward the midline of the body?
Blood pooling in the fascia is indicative of which condition?
Which type of consent is legally recognized when a patient cannot provide consent due to unconsciousness or mental incapacity, and urgent treatment is needed?
A patient presents with acute onset of shortness of breath, hives, facial swelling, and stridor after a meal. Which medication should a paramedic administer first?
Which of the following is a hallmark of right-sided heart failure?
Absent lung sounds are an indication of which condition?
Isoprenaline and dobutamine are examples of which category of catecholamines?
What is the last-line drug combination for life-threatening dysrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia?
Fastest routes of medication administration include which of the following?
Which sign is a component of Beck's Triad?
Ecchymosis in the lower abdomen and flank region is known as?
What are the two main causes of meningitis?
A collapsed lung defined as air in the pleural cavity is called what?
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?
Which cranial nerve is implicated in Bell's palsy?
In a hypotensive patient, which finding would lead a paramedic to withhold IV fluid boluses?
Which description best matches emphysema?
Which agent is associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure and hypotension?
A patient with chronic renal failure has tachypnea and widened QRS complexes with high blood pressure. Which acid-base imbalance should be suspected?
Which bone forms the lower jaw?
What is the intended effect of lidocaine and amiodarone in ventricular tachyarrhythmias?
A diver that loses consciousness due to air entering the bloodstream has which condition?
Where must an Illinois EMT report suspected elder abuse?
Which change is most characteristic of respiratory acidosis?
After covering prolapsed tissue with a moist dressing, what is the next action?
Right-sided heart failure due to chronic lung disease causing pulmonary hypertension is known as what?
Which of the following is NOT required to prove negligence against an EMT?
The blast-injury category that includes crush injuries, burns, asphyxia, and toxic exposures?
To maximize space for the spinal canal during immobilization, which position is used?
In the LEMON airway assessment, which step comes after Look?
Which heart layer forms the outer fibrous sac surrounding the heart?
Kussmaul respiration is most commonly seen with which condition?
Which nerve pathway must be avoided by landmarks when administering injection in the gluteal muscle?
In breech delivery, which technique is described to create an airway for the newborn?
Which statement about the hip fracture leg position is most typical?
A 72-year-old patient presents with shortness of breath, a rapid irregular pulse, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. The patient is upright in a tripod position; neck veins appear flat and there is no pedal edema. Which type of heart failure is most likely?
The main cause of respiratory acidosis is which of the following?
The injury caused by displacement of the body by the blast wind is called which blast injury category?
Which of the following is not a component of the scene size-up?
What is the minimum systolic blood pressure mentioned in a separate context?
Which act requires that emergency personnel be notified of exposure to an infectious disease?
Which statement is true regarding the common locations of herpes viruses?
Which class of drugs reduces the adrenergic stimulation of beta receptors?
After identifying JVD in trauma, which sign helps differentiate pericardial tamponade from a tension pneumothorax?
If something about a scene feels off before entering, what should you do?
Pain in the upper right quadrant after a meal suggests which condition?
What is the initial management for suspected flail chest in trauma?
In left-sided heart failure, which chest auscultation finding is most typical?
What do all etiologies and stages of shock have in common?
In axial loading injuries, which term describes the injury mechanism?
What is the normal arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) range?
Which heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves?
Which sign is most indicative of a blow-out fracture of the orbit after blunt trauma?
What is the minimum systolic blood pressure mentioned for a critical threshold?
Which term refers to thickening, loss of elasticity and hardening of the arterial walls as people age?
Pulse pressure is defined as:
Which condition occurs when the amount of acid generated exceeds the body's buffering capacity?
During emergency care, a patient presents with a prolapsed uterus with tissue protruding. What is the recommended immediate first aid for the exposed tissue?
Increased sensitivity to light is called what?
Total resistance against which blood is pumped
The center for autonomic cardiorespiratory control located in the brainstem is:
Which statement about transporting dialysis patients is correct?
In a patient at about 16 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping, which diagnosis is most likely?
A ventilation/perfusion mismatch is most commonly associated with which condition?
Which statement describes S1 heart sounds?
In ARDS, what happens to surfactant?
A drug that blocks muscarinic receptors would be classified as which type of agent?
What is the term for the lower jaw bone?
A diabetic patient with flu-like symptoms, warm dry skin, rapid respirations, a sweet-smelling breath and a glucometer reading HIGH. What should you suspect?
Which conditions might cause a ventilation/perfusion mismatch?
Besides AV block and cranial neuritis, Lyme disease may cause which other cardiac condition?
Which cardiac rhythm is commonly associated with strokes due to emboli?
A patient presents with a yellowish tint only to the palms of his hands, the soles of his feet and his face. He is most likely suffering from?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by sympathetic postganglionic fibers?
Fever, swelling, and stiffness of the salivary glands in a child are signs of which childhood disease?
A yellow discharge from the urethral opening in a female patient most likely indicates?
Which statement best describes a sign that may be present in a tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade?
Collateral circulation is best described as:
Which condition involves sudden respiratory failure with destruction of alveoli?
Gravidity refers to which of the following?
What complication can occur if an IV needle is reinserted into a catheter once it is removed?
Finger clubbing and pink coloration with progressive dyspnea are most associated with which COPD type?
A tall, thin patient who smokes experiences sudden pleuritic chest pain after lifting a box. Which condition is most likely?
In status asthmaticus, which acid-base disturbance may develop?
Inflammation of the pleura causing sharp chest pain on breathing is called?
Hepatitis B is most commonly transmitted through which route?
What is the most common underlying cause of MODS?
Greater than 45 CO2 indicates which acid-base disturbance?
What term means being sterile and free from germs, infection, and any form of life?
According to the material, which toxin type does the brown recluse release?
Which condition presents with infection causing swelling of the epiglottis, drooling, and severe throat pain?
Urticaria and pruritis refer to which symptoms?
Which of these is a renal or intrarenal cause of acute renal failure?
What is the pulling effect that draws water into the vascular space within capillaries?
Which statement most accurately describes the effects of poor peripheral circulation when applying topical nitro?
A patient presents with sharp lower quadrant abdominal pain, a history of missed menses a few weeks earlier, brownish vaginal bleeding, and referred shoulder pain on the affected side. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aside from major blood loss, consider the possibility of an air embolism because of the negative pressure generated each time your patient inhales. The negative pressure in the chest may draw air into an exposed jugular vein. An occlusive dressing will prevent this. What is the best way to treat an open pneumothorax?
Pain after release of hand pressure during palpation of a patient's abdomen is called what?
Calcium channel blockers have what dromotropic effect?
Which style involves responding instinctively rather than deliberate analysis in urgent scenarios?
Chemoreceptors are stimulated by which change in blood gases?
An infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord is called which condition?
Substance that causes an antibody to form
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 is commonly found in which location?
Edema in the ankles is most suggestive of which type of heart failure?
An elderly patient presents with acute onset confusion (AMS), tachycardia, tachypnea, warm and dry skin, and a history of urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Which condition is most likely suspected?
Which observation is considered an indicator of esophageal intubation?
What response occurs when the vagus nerve is stimulated?
Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by which of the following?
Para refers to the number of pregnancies that have resulted in a birth.
Which combination of items must be present to prove negligence?
Which heart layer is the muscular middle layer that contracts to pump blood?
Which body part is the last to be secured to a backboard during immobilization?
Uneven pupils are a sign most consistent with which condition?
Adult-onset diabetes refers to which type?
A closed head injury may present with signs known as Cushing's triad. All of the following are part of Cushing's triad EXCEPT:
Hepatitis A is most commonly transmitted by which route?
Which of these routes of medication administration has the most rapid absorption rate?
Which statement best describes why rapid transport is prioritized for patients with altered mental status?
Hypoxic drive is stimulated by which condition?
Which of the following best describes ethnocentrism?
Pulmonary contusions from flail chest cause hypoxia primarily because
Which interviewing technique helps a patient feel comfortable sharing sensitive information?
Cor pulmonale is most directly associated with which underlying condition?
A crash victim is unconscious, pale, and diaphoretic. The patient has a bruise across the distended, tense abdomen. VS BP 86/62, P 132, RR 28, spo2 92%. What type of shock should paramedics suspect?
Which drug class has the following effects: lowers blood pressure, reduces conductivity and contractility of the heart, dilates the arteries, reduces oxygen demand, and can cause bradycardia and peripheral edema?
What purpose do the conchae serve?
Which of the following is not a correct instrument to confirm endotracheal tube placement during intubation?
In blunt chest trauma with suspected pneumothorax and stable vital signs, what should be the initial management priority?
Which COPD type is described as pink coloration with barrel chest and pursed-lip breathing, often called pink puffers?
In the described test scenario, the most likely diagnosis is?
Lyme disease is characterized by which features?
Which option describes the three general classes of patient acuity?
Which term describes the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute?
Pain in the left shoulder and upper left quadrant is most consistent with which condition?
JVD is most often assessed in a semi-Fowler position of approximately how many degrees?
Bacterial meningitis is commonly caused by which organism?
Defamatory statements that harm a person's reputation that are spoken are called?
Which of the following are cited as examples of obstructive shock forms?
Your cardiac patient presents with JVD while sitting up. This could suggest?
What is the concentration in mg per mL of a solution that is 1 gram in 10 mL?
Pain 7/10 relieved by one nitro tab; most likely diagnosis?
The center of a third-degree burn is characterized by which tissue type?
Non-feasance is defined as which of the following?
Tricyclic antidepressants act by blocking the reuptake of which neurotransmitters?
What type of environment is used in an ambulance when drawing up medications?
In crush syndrome management, which solution is commonly used to help prevent renal injury during treatment?
In which of the following cases might higher airway pressures be necessary to ventilate the lungs?
For a minor arm laceration with minimal bleeding, after applying a gauze pad and pressure, what is an appropriate next step?
A patient with emphysema presents with shortness of breath. He is placed on 15 L/min oxygen and subsequently becomes unconscious and not breathing, though a strong carotid pulse is present. What should you do first?
Drooling and tripod positioning in a child indicate which emergency airway condition?
Red blood cells in sickle cell disease are shaped like?
Bicarbonate level less than 22 mEq/L indicates which disturbance?
Which description is most associated with emphysema?
Which option best represents a drug listed as a risk for respiratory failure and hypotension?
Which device uses a Venturi mechanism to deliver a fixed oxygen concentration by mixing with room air?
Which ion is primarily responsible for buffering metabolic acids in the blood?
Which finding most strongly indicates an IV flow problem due to infiltration?
Parkland formula is used for which patients?
What is the desired action of epinephrine in asystole?
Which condition is most likely to cause wheezing, rhonchi, or diminished lung sounds?
A patient presents with swollen lymph nodes. This finding may indicate which condition?
Mononucleosis is caused by which virus?
Benzodiazepines are considered what type of drug?
After delivering a baby, the newborn's respirations are 20 per minute and the heart rate is 60 and falling. What is the immediate action?
What finding is common to all types of shock?
If a patient has monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which medication should be used first?
The largest reserve of blood of any body organ is contained in the:
The anterior fontanelle closes within?
A patient from a fire has severe respiratory distress, hoarseness, soot around the mouth and nares, respirations 32 and stridor. Best initial intervention?
Which condition is characterized by infection with swelling of the epiglottis, sore throat, and drooling?
During CPR, epinephrine's primary purpose is to increase vasoconstriction to improve perfusion pressures. Which option best reflects this action?
Overproduction of red blood cells is known as what?
Obstructive shock statement as given in the material?
Which option is NOT routinely used to assess circulation during the primary assessment?
In neck trauma with anterior neck abrasions, which injury should be suspected?
Beta-2 receptor effects in the lungs include which effect?
In shock, which finding best indicates decompensation rather than compensation?
Cullen's sign refers to bluish-black discoloration in which region?
Beta-blocker overdose in a child is likely to cause which cardiac effect?
A pocket mask without supplemental oxygen delivers oxygen in the range of?
A patient is pulled from a lake with no respirations and no pulse. The appropriate immediate action is to perform what?
Where should an Illinois EMT report suspected elder abuse?
Brown recluse releases what type of toxin?
Newborn vital function evaluation is performed at which times after delivery?
Which heart layer lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and valves?
Which sided heart failure would you find peripheral dependent edema?
Which term describes consent given after informing the patient of the risks and benefits of treatment?
Paradoxical movement may be absent in a patient with a flail chest due to
In blast injuries, secondary blast injury is caused by what mechanism?
In early pregnancy with sudden severe abdominal pain and often unawareness of pregnancy, which condition should be considered?
Cushing's Triad indicates which condition?
What term describes the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood?
The rapid trauma assessment is designed to?
Calan and Isoptin are brand names for which medication?
Using the Rule of Nines, which region accounts for 9% TBSA in an adult?
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily located in which organ?
Placing the finger in the depression just anterior to the tragus and asking the patient to open the mouth assesses which function?
Which nosebleed type is more common?
Which pleural layer lines the inner chest wall?
Which scenario represents primary MODS?
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney linings resulting from a urinary tract infection in the upper urinary tract. What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
A radial pulse of 2+ is described as?
Lyme disease may require what temporary cardiac intervention due to AV block?
Alpha-2 receptor activation primarily results in which effect?
A patient recently returned from spring break in Mexico with malaise, weakness, loss of appetite, altered taste, dark urine, and clay-colored stools. What should you suspect?
The respiratory pattern Apneustic is described as?
Which patient should be prioritized for rapid transport?
What injury occurs as a result of spinal injury above C6?
In left-sided heart failure, which finding is least likely to be prominent?
Which condition is described by chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart and is often used to describe the initial manifestation of myocardial ischemia?
Juvenile diabetes is another name for which type of diabetes?
What is the specific name for primary and secondary brain injuries?
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are described as located in the heart and producing which effects?
Which statement about endotracheal intubation time is true in a controlled setting?
Where is the carina located?
Where do wheezes originate in the respiratory cycle?
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and is a potent vasoconstrictor?
Which of the following is not a cranial nerve?
Which of the following is an indication for performing a needle cricothyrotomy?
Less than 35 CO2 indicates which acid-base disturbance?
Which type of drug is cocaine?
How do you treat a patient with a flail chest?
Which statement about frostbite management is true when there is a risk of re-freezing?
An emancipated patient presenting with purple bruising, dry cough, anorexia, lethargy, and track marks is most consistent with which condition?
Which list represents drugs that can be administered via an endotracheal tube (ETT) using the LEAN mnemonic?
In anatomy, what do ligaments connect?
Which drug increases cardiac output and stimulates alpha and beta receptors, commonly used in shock states?
Which device provides a color change to indicate exhaled CO2 during intubation?
What is the primary objective when responding to a behavioral emergency?
Which Mallampati class corresponds to the most difficult visualization of airway structures?
What term describes inflammation of a joint that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and decreased range of motion?
Which of the following is an example of an advance directive that expresses end-of-life wishes?
Which statement about blood flow through the left side of the heart is correct?
Which condition involves the breakdown of muscle tissue?
A disease that causes the breakdown of muscle is called what?
Shock due to loss of fluid volume is called what?
An elderly patient with fever, productive cough, poor skin turgor, and crackles in the right lung bases. Which condition is most likely?
In blast injuries, secondary blast injuries are most likely to cause which of the following?
If blood return is seen during an intramuscular injection, what should you do?
What is the treatment for the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Calcium channel blockers have what effect on AV node conduction?
Which option best describes signs of an allergic reaction and the recommended initial treatment if airway involvement is present?
Which system helps maintain blood pressure by regulating fluid balance and sodium retention?
Vascular occlusions are most commonly caused by which condition?
Inferior myocardial infarction commonly presents with ST elevation in which leads?
The exchange of ions across the cell membrane is most closely associated with which event in excitable cells?
Late-pregnancy, painless vaginal bleeding with a soft uterus is most consistent with which condition?
The glottis refers to which anatomical feature?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHNS) is most likely in which patient profile?
What is the most common disease transmitted through a drug user's needle?
Which is an early sign of shock in a child who has been involved in a car accident?
Exposure to car exhaust in a closed garage is most consistent with which poisoning?
Why are noncuffed endotracheal tubes recommended for children under 8?
A 58-year-old patient with asthma presents with moderate shortness of breath. Which is the first medication the paramedic should administer?
If a patient has Gravidity five and Para three, how many pregnancies ended in birth?
Which scenario may cause respiratory alkalosis?
The APGAR score is used to evaluate newborns and is typically recorded at which times after birth?
Which condition presents with cough, fever, shortness of breath at rest, chest pain, blood in mucus and requires antibiotics?
Potentiation refers to which of the following?
What type of medical control is described by protocols, standing orders, or a medical director?
Which term refers to false statements published in writing that injure a person’s reputation?
Which of the following is a sign associated with ARDS?
Which tort involves non-consensual touching during medical care?
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute is known as what?
A Broselow tape is used to?
Treatment for Respiratory Acidosis involves what?
A 24-year-old patient presents with sudden onset chest pain. The patient is tall and thin, physically active, and breath sounds are diminished on the right. Which condition should be suspected?
Which sign is defined as bluish discoloration around the umbilicus due to intraperitoneal bleeding?
Which option is more commonly found in pediatric patients with fever than in adults?
Which action is inappropriate for a prolapsed uterus in the field?
A patient has a pneumothorax, what kind of pressure is lost in the chest cavity?
ACE inhibitors end in which suffix?
Which finding is most characteristic of hepatitis A?
Ligaments attach which of the following?
Activation of Alpha-1 receptors in the vasculature causes which effect?
Which test detects ascites by producing a fluid wave across the abdomen?
In response to hypoperfusion in hypovolemic shock, the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine causes which effect?
Which drug class blocks calcium entry into cardiac cells, decreasing contractility and automaticity, with a negative dromotropic effect and causing vasodilation?
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing should be conducted within how many hours after the incident?
What are the three most common causes of tachycardia in children?
A patient has a deep productive cough with yellow-brown sputum, fever and chills. Which infection is most likely?
In type 2 diabetes with glucose around 800 mg/dL, which diagnosis is most likely?
Which condition presents with a barking cough and inspiratory stridor in a viral upper airway illness?
Which statement best describes a Grand Mal seizure?
Which reflex is triggered by stretch of the lungs and inhibits respiration?
Rebound tenderness is best described as pain that occurs when?
What is the first-line rescue inhaler for acute bronchospasm in asthma?
A musical, squeaking, or whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration during lung auscultation is known as which?
Which combination best indicates a pulmonary embolism?
Which components are required for RSI as described?
In an allergic reaction, how should treatment intensity relate to vital signs?
After chest trauma with hypotension and reduced breath sounds on one side, which diagnosis is most likely?
Secondary MODS is best described as...
To check for jugular venous distention, which head position is used?
Left shoulder pain that indicates a spleen injury is called?
When is a traction splint indicated?
A semi-Fowler's position is defined as elevating the head of the bed to approximately which degrees?
Which statement accurately describes a key difference between HHNS and DKA?
McBurney's point is located in which quadrant of the abdomen?
Atropine increases heart rate by blocking vagal effects. What is this type of effect called?
A 24-year-old female at 7 months pregnant presents with abdominal pain and dark red bleeding. Which obstetric condition is most likely?
What term describes the legal standard by which medical care is judged?
What happens during the P Wave?
Rapid administration of benzodiazepine may cause which adverse reaction?
Which group of organs are considered solid organs?
Sodium channel blockers have which dromotropic effect?
Which condition is characterized by sudden respiratory failure and alveolar damage leading to hypoxemia requiring ventilatory support?
What type of pain is localized to the lining of the abdominal cavity?
The patient reporting the worst headache of my life may be suffering from which condition?
Which rare disorder begins with weakness and tingling in the legs and progresses upward toward the thorax and arms?
Where are the sympathetic ganglia located?
Carry lidocaine 400 mg/250 mL D5W. Which of the following is the correct concentration per milliliter in mcg/mL?
A drug is to be administered at 0.01 mg/kg. If the patient weighs 66 pounds (30 kg), what is the dose in milligrams?
T-wave inversion on an ECG is most suggestive of which condition?
To treat the underlying cause of respiratory acidosis, the first step is to?
Which hormone is a naturally occurring peripheral vasoconstrictor?
Battle's sign refers to discoloration behind which region?
A strain involves injury to which of the following?
How is blood loss measured in a pregnant patient during and after delivery?
Which medication blocks the parasympathetic nervous system?
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is commonly found in which location?
Sunken appearance of the eye following an eye injury indicates which fracture?
Which pulse site is used to assess central perfusion in emergencies?
Dystonia is best described as?
Which of these is more commonly found in a pediatric patient with a high fever than in an adult?
During breech delivery, which technique is described to create an airway for the newborn?
Rebound tenderness is a classic sign of?
What is the primary purpose of the MAST device in pelvic injuries?
An elderly woman has fallen and is in pain. The leg appears externally rotated. Which fracture is most likely?
Which statement about ARDS pathophysiology is accurate?
In left-sided heart failure, which organ is primarily affected and may develop edema?
What is the effect of alpha-1 receptor stimulation?
A patient with a BP of 80/40, P 180 c/o shortness of breath, is diaphoretic, pale and cool. The monitor shows a VTACH rhythm. Which of the following is the best treatment for this patient?
What is the desired effect of lidocaine and amiodarone in ventricular arrhythmias?
The Parkland formula expresses the initial fluid resuscitation volume for burns as which expression?
Which two cranial nerves are responsible for the gag reflex?
Which statement describes S2 heart sounds?
Which three interrelated compensatory mechanisms help maintain extracellular fluid pH at 7.4?
Tricyclic overdose treatment
All other injuries from blast, including crush injuries, burns, asphyxia, and toxic exposures, fall under which category?
During anaerobic metabolism, which compound tends to accumulate in tissues?
Which cranial nerve is tested when asking a patient to stand with eyes closed to assess balance?
The space between the vocal cords is known as the
Which statement about Calcium Channel Blockers is true?
A nerve cell type in which epinephrine or norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter is described as which type?
The disease commonly known as whooping cough is called which?
After assessing edema, you note a pit greater than 1 inch deep. This would be recorded as?
Which instrument is most reliable for confirming endotracheal tube placement during resuscitation?
What is a common field management step for suspected hip fracture?
Which class of medications, when overdosed, is treated with glucagon IV?
A patient with breast cancer metastasis to the bones presents with thigh pain and focal tenderness over the midshaft of the femur. Which fracture type should be suspected?
A leaf-shaped cartilage that prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing is known as the?
Topical absorption is influenced by tissue perfusion. Which statement is true?
Jugular venous distention is most commonly associated with which cardiac condition?
Which combination of signs is most characteristic of narcotic overdose?
Which skin layer contains fat and soft tissue?
Which symptom is least characteristic of a pulmonary embolism?
Blast injuries caused by projectiles and fragments, leading to penetrating and blunt trauma?
Ejection fraction is defined as the ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining at the end of which phase?
Koplik spots are pathognomonic for which childhood disease?
Diverticulosis is described as small bulging sacs or pouches in the inner lining of the intestines that become inflamed or infected. Which term matches this description?
Which option is NOT a renal or intrarenal cause of acute renal failure?
According to the material, right-sided heart failure will eventually turn into left-sided heart failure.
Widening pulse pressure indicates which condition?
Impairment of cellular metabolism leading to anaerobic metabolism and metabolic acidosis is best described as which condition?
An upper respiratory infection with a dry cough and mild fever under 100 F is most consistent with which?
Which chronic condition is defined by a productive cough for at least three months in two consecutive years?
Anions are:
Minute Volume is calculated by which formula?
Which finding confirms that adequate transcutaneous pacing is being delivered?
What is the first concern when treating a patient with electrical burns?
The presence of bruits over the carotids indicates which condition?
Sellick's maneuver is used to accomplish what during endotracheal intubation?
Which term describes the amount of a drug that reaches systemic circulation?
In a life-threatening trauma scenario with an airway obstruction or severe bleeding, the recommended approach is to:
What is the most common type of shock in children?
Cheyne-Stokes respirations are most commonly associated with which condition?
What is the best method to examine a patient with severe abdominal pain who does not want to be touched?
Which concept governs whether healthcare providers are judged according to specific laws, rules, standing orders, and protocols?
A diver with nitrogen narcosis will typically show which symptoms?
Which finding is the most concerning in a patient with suspected head injury?
Which biological agent would most commonly cause nausea, vomiting and food poisoning symptoms?
Why should responders cut the power source before treating a patient with electrical burns?
Pulmonary edema is most closely associated with which cardiac condition?
An alert 66-year-old patient with a history of cardiovascular disease develops a narrow-complex tachycardia; which intervention is indicated first?
An adult presents after a motor vehicle collision with a right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. Vitals show tachycardia and labored breathing. Which action has the highest priority?
Which could cause an inaccurate SpO2 reading?
Which pairing correctly matches HSV type to typical location?
The volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole is known as what?
The intrinsic firing rate of the AV node is ________ to ________ times per minute.
Which symptom is commonly associated with renal calculi?
Endotracheal intubation, when performed correctly, most notably:
What is the first priority when dispatched to a male patient down with unknown reason?
What builds up during anaerobic metabolism?
What condition results from a blood clot, thrombus, air embolism, or other particle lodging in the pulmonary artery?
Lyme disease can manifest many issues including AV blocks and Neuro complications. Which systems are involved?
What effect does a diuretic have on preload?
If you palpate a left-sided thrill along the carotid artery, what should you do next?
DuoDote auto-injector is used for exposure to which type of agents?
Which statement best defines synergism in pharmacology?
Nifedipine is marketed under which brand name?
Chronic demyelinating disease commonly abbreviated as MS is which condition?
To decode a message means to interpret a message with the same meaning the sender intended to convey.
In the early stages of shock, which physiologic change is commonly observed?
A 55-year-old alcoholic patient presents with large blood clots in vomit, pale skin, and hypotension. What should you suspect?
What type of pain arises from the abdominal organs?
A patient shows difficulty breathing, sweating, coughing up blood, orthopnea, pink frothy sputum, and anxiety. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?
Which option is not a typical feature of a hip fracture?
During the primary assessment, which finding should be examined to determine the adequacy of circulation?
Which extracellular ion is primarily responsible for ventricular depolarization and helps regulate water balance?
In writing defamation, the correct term is?
Which of these is a property of cardiac cells when transmitting impulses from one cell to another?
If one branch of the phrenic nerve is paralyzed, what is the likely result?
A patient becomes anxious with rapid breathing and numbness in the extremities. What is the most likely condition?
Which statement about signs of hip fracture is true?
Muscular dystrophy is best described as:
A petit mal seizure is most likely to produce a change in which aspect?
In acute disseminated Lyme disease, what cardiac problem is most common?
Pulmonary edema is most directly a result of which heart condition?
To decode a message means to ______ a message.
Obstructive shock is described as a form of shock associated with:
Which term best describes nalbuphine's action that prevents other opioids from binding?
Which statement about dromotropic effects is true?
S3 heart sounds are most commonly associated with which condition?
Naloxone (Narcan) reverses opioid effects because it is which pharmacologic class?
In pediatric patients, which structure is higher and more anterior to the neck?
Which skin presentation is most commonly seen in dehydration?
Which option describes a post-renal cause of acute renal failure?
S1 is associated with closure of which heart valves?
Which cranial nerve, when lesioned, causes the tongue to deviate away from the side of the lesion and is associated with the 'Q' sign?
What term describes the repetition of a word or phrase used by a patient to encourage more detail?
Ketone production is a hallmark of which diabetic emergency?
A patient opens eyes to voice; what is the Eye Opening component score?
What is the inner layer of the heart?
Which type of pain is typically poorly localized and arises from visceral organs?
Defamatory statements that harm a person's reputation that are written are called?
Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring after how many weeks of gestation?
Which arterial wall layer is torn in an intimal tear?
Which term describes right-sided heart failure due to long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle?
Which option best describes the effect of diuretics on preload?
Which of the following is not treated with Nifedipine?
In metabolic acidosis due to renal failure, which statement best describes the abnormality?
Embolism and cardiac tamponade are cited as examples of which type of shock?
Touching or treating a patient without consent is known as?
Where is the respiratory center located in the brain?
Naturally occurring hormone, acts as a peripheral vasoconstrictor
Which organ is primarily affected by chronic alcohol use?
What is a potential side effect of tricyclic antidepressants?
CPAP has a _________ pressure unlike BiPAP.
An area of hyperresonance on one side of the chest may indicate which condition?
In a tachycardia patient with a heart rate of 180 and no signs of hypoperfusion, the first step of treatment is to perform which maneuver?
Which component of the LEMON airway assessment corresponds to Mallampati classification?
Pain in the right shoulder is commonly associated with which condition?
Distributive shock statement as given in the material?
What type of effect does atropine have on the heart?
Which cranial nerve is also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Where is central cyanosis typically observed?
What makes a person a candidate for a nasal intubation?
What is the most prevalent cation in intracellular fluid?
Which is a sign of decompensated shock in children?
The portion of the brain responsible for many involuntary reactions such as temperature regulation, sleep, water balance, and emotions is the:
Ejection fraction is defined as the ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining at the end of which phase?
Which of the following statements best identifies a known risk factor for pulmonary embolism?
What is the most appropriate immediate safety-focused action when treating a patient with suspected chemical exposure?
The mandible is the what?
Chemoreceptors are located in which of the following areas?
A patient has had a nosebleed for a few days. He complains that it will not stop. The blood is running down the back of his throat. Which of these do you suspect to be the cause?
Which brain region is primarily involved in processing emotions and memory, often linked to the limbic system?
During the third trimester, a patient presents with headache, visual disturbances, rapid weight gain, edema, and high blood pressure. Which condition is most likely?
After a myocardial infarction, which complication may develop due to pump failure?
Which indicates an esophageal intubation?
Right-sided heart failure is also called?
Cullen's sign and Grey Turner's sign are classic findings in?
A 5-year-old patient overdoses on a beta-blocker. What cardiac effect is most likely?
Which statement about the action of tricyclic antidepressants is true?
Which blood type is the universal donor for red blood cells?
Which of the following is a treatment option for ARDS?
What is the top priority in any emergency situation?
Which statement is not a function of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)?
In assessing a head injury, which Glasgow Coma Scale change indicates the most severe deterioration?
What type of medical control is described by direct physician contact via radio or telephone?
The average volume of gas inhaled in one respiratory cycle is known as?
Which patient profile is most associated with spontaneous pneumothorax?
A sharkfin waveform on monitor is most consistent with which condition?
A patient presents with unequal femoral pulses and a cool, pale left leg. This most likely indicates which condition?
Which is a Beta-1 receptor effect on the heart?
Immediately following endotracheal intubation you notice free, effortless return of air after squeezing the device. This indicates that?
The venturi system delivers oxygen concentrations in the range of?
Which term best describes the overall severity level of a patient, often used to categorize clinical urgency?
The space between the vocal cords is known as the?
Is bicarbonate acid or alkali?
In a lateral impact crash, what mechanism can cause an aortic tear?
In late pregnancy, a patient with painless bright red vaginal bleeding and a soft uterus is most consistent with which condition?
Which complication is most likely if meconium is present in the amniotic fluid?
Which statement correctly matches S1 and S2 heart sounds?
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with sickle cell anemia?
Which of the following designates another person to make medical decisions on your behalf?
What happens during the QRS complex?
What do you need to calculate for a suspected radiation call?
What is the major disadvantage of using protocols in paramedic practice?
Being able to identify with another person's situation or feelings is known as?
Ratio of blood pumped from the ventricle to the amount remaining at the end of diastole (2/3 ratio) is described by which term?
Which describes the pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole?
Narrowing pulse pressure indicates which condition?
The brain area responsible for speech production is:
Which presentation is most typical of a hemothorax?
What does CISD stand for in emergency services context?
Your major trauma patient presents with jugular vein distention while sitting up. Which of the following conditions may be the cause?
Which condition is classically described as blue bloater?
A school-age girl experiences tingling in the mouth and lips with anxiety but no trauma. Which condition is most likely?
Which symptom pattern described is characteristic of pancreatitis in the material?
Which drug class slows conduction through the heart via a negative dromotropic effect?
After treating for cardiac dysrhythmias, which drug overdose would present with dry mouth and blurred vision?
Which cranial nerve is primarily tested by the gag reflex?
Pulsus paradoxus is most commonly observed in which condition?
Which condition is characterized by blue appearance with frequent infections and increased sputum production?
Which option lists the components of Cushing's Triad?
Which cranial nerve innervation is implicated when a lesion causes deviation of the palate or uvula to the side?
What is chronotropy?
A complication of an intravenous line causing the vein to become inflamed and painful is called?
Raccoon eyes and Battle's sign are classic signs of which injury?
How does the body initially compensate for metabolic acidosis?
The mammalian diving reflex activates when a person is submerged in cold water and results in which primary cardiovascular change?
To move toward the midline of the body, or a body part, is called what movement?
Which of the following is true about the vascular system of people in their late adult years?
Which oxygen delivery device can deliver the highest portion of FiO2 when used appropriately?
In anaphylaxis with hypotension, which medication should be administered first?
Which term describes the act of pointing out a discrepancy between a patient’s behavior and their statements?
Noncuffed endotracheal tubes are recommended for children under the age of?
In a tall, thin patient with sudden chest pain, which exam finding would most strongly suggest spontaneous pneumothorax?
If your patient presents with fractures of the first three ribs, you should suspect?
Central nervous system dysfunction is commonly caused by which factors?
In acute disseminated Lyme disease, what neurologic manifestation is most common?
What is the second-line anti-dysrhythmic after lidocaine?
To move away from the midline of the body, or a body part, is called what movement?
What is the term for how a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects?
Pulsating abdominal mass in middle-aged men with tearing pain radiating to the back most suggests which condition?
Which of these results from selective vasoconstriction during MODS?
An area of hyporesonance on one side of the chest may indicate which condition?
The ongoing assessment in the field is designed to do which of the following?
What medication should be administered first to a patient with a systemic allergic reaction presenting with facial edema and severe airway symptoms, given the options below?
Grey Turner's sign describes discoloration over the flanks indicating?
Which drug class blocks calcium entry into cardiac cells, decreasing contraction and causing vasodilation?
A patient has burning urination, frequent urges, incomplete voiding, and mild midsection pain. What is the likely diagnosis?
Which statement about preload is correct?
During an allergic reaction, which gastrointestinal change is most likely?
Where is S1 best auscultated?
What are the two main chemicals the body uses to stabilize its pH level?
Which of the following is a hollow organ?
A patient who tripped with no swelling and no pain on palpation most likely has which?
The S1 heart sound corresponds to the closure of which valves?
Which infection of the lungs is characterized by weight loss, night sweats, fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum and is transmitted through the air?
Which term correctly matches the description of small bulges or pouches in the intestinal lining that may become inflamed?
A hypotensive and hypoglycemic patient should be given which drug?
Blocking parasympathetic nervous system will typically cause which effect on heart rate?
Which condition is most likely when a patient reports the worst headache of life localized to one side or back of the head?
Which ion has the highest concentration inside neurons?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is typically associated with which patient profile?
Koplik spots are pathognomonic for which disease?
Which auscultation finding is most commonly associated with pneumonia?
During transcutaneous pacing, which finding confirms capture?
In a pediatric patient with fever, earache, and hearing loss, which diagnosis best explains the symptoms?
A medication is supplied at 1 mg/mL. If the desired dose is 0.25 mg, what volume should be drawn?
A patient presents with sudden pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and a nonproductive cough. Which condition is most likely?
Afterload is defined as the
Which blood type is the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?
Which diving-related condition can occur after rapid ascent and involves symptoms such as joint pain and dizziness?
What are the three layers of the skin?
A patient wakes with a dull, pressure-like headache that worsens; which headache type is most consistent?
Thrombophlebitis is best described as
During inspiration, air enters the lungs because of a/an_____ in intrathoracic pressure.
Where should you look for malignancies in the mouth for a patient with tobacco use?
Which statement best distinguishes arteriosclerosis from atherosclerosis?
Which statement best describes the relationship between spinal injury level and diaphragmatic function?
An infection of the lungs presenting with cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and productive mucus; treated with antibiotics.
In metabolic alkalosis with low volume, which treatment is suggested by the material?
A patient with alternating constipation and diarrhea, bowel changes, flatulence, and syncope; denies penile discharge or blood in urine. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Inadequate perfusion of oxygenated blood to an organ
Which medication class would suppress the compensatory tachycardia in an elderly patient experiencing hemorrhagic shock?
If your patient's skin color is cyanotic, you should suspect?
Your patient's trachea tugs to the left side each time he breathes. The most likely cause for this is?
A DVT can become a pulmonary embolism if it breaks away. Which option correctly identifies this complication?
Which statement best describes the typical presentation of Type 1 diabetes?
What is the function of insulin on the cellular level?
During shoulder dystocia birth, the mother should position herself to relieve the obstruction?
Which combination of organs is hollow?
Which of these are NOT a renal or intrarenal cause of acute renal failure?
A patient has low-grade fever, with pain in the lower right quadrant; what might you suspect?
Which effect is caused by selective Beta 2 receptor stimulation?
A newborn experiences a sudden drop in heart rate, blue blotchy skin, and cessation of respirations, followed by spontaneous breathing after drying. This assessment describes which condition?
In the case of a child, unconscious, or mentally incompetent patient, what type of consent is typically assumed?
Which term describes the body's processing of a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
Which statement best describes gastrointestinal tract response to an allergic reaction?
What is the significant difference between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHNS)?
The HEPA mask is designed to protect you from which infection?
Which drug increases cardiac output and stimulates alpha and beta receptors?
As you evaluate diaphragmatic excursion and note asymmetry, which could explain this finding?
The 10th cranial nerve that provides parasympathetic control of the heart is the:
Which pairing correctly describes tendon function?
A 20-year-old who has been in the sun for six hours on a hot day presents with dizziness, weakness, thirst, nausea; orthostatic changes are noted. What should the paramedic initiate?
Myocardial infarction is often followed by which complication?
NalBuphine's action on opioid receptors is best described as?
Which type of shock is caused by loss of circulating fluids?
A drug is packaged as 2 mg per 10 mL. A dose of 0.5 mg is prescribed. How many milliliters should be administered?
Adrenergic neurotransmitters include which pair?
Respiratory acidosis is caused by the retention of carbon dioxide, which leads to an increase in the Pco2; this condition is usually caused by what?
What action should responders take if exposed to sarin gas and begin to show signs?
A linear fracture at the temporal-parietal area can lead to what complication?
Anisocoria refers to what anatomical finding?
In the case described as cardiogenic shock, what was noted about the lung sounds?
Which blast injury type results from the over-pressurization wave impacting the body surface, causing tympanic membrane rupture and pulmonary injury?
A two-year-old with earache, malaise, fever, and hearing loss—what is the most likely diagnosis?
Petit Mal seizures are characterized by?
Normal QRS duration is within which range?
What is dromotropy?
What special care is needed to transport a patient who receives kidney dialysis every three days?
Which neurotransmitter is widely distributed and primarily mediates the synaptic activity of the nervous system?
After a newborn experiences apnea that resolves spontaneously after drying, what is the most appropriate next step?
What device should be used to help control the bleeding from a pelvic fracture?
What term refers to a schematic flowchart that outlines patient care procedures?
Which of the following is a beta-1 mediated effect on the heart?
What are albuterol and metaproterenol?
What does inotropy refer to in cardiac physiology?
Restraining and transporting a competent adult without his/her consent may subject a paramedic to which of these charges?
A Babinski reflex is most consistent with which finding?
Which medication class is associated with orthostatic hypotension according to the material?
Which statement correctly distinguishes gravidity from parity?
Which is the outermost layer of the skin?
During pregnancy, what term describes a temporary rise in blood pressure that often resolves postpartum?
Gout commonly presents with pain and swelling in which joint?
Which sign would most strongly indicate a hip fracture in an elderly patient after a fall?
Which statement best describes osmosis?
Which method provides the most reliable immediate confirmation of endotracheal tube placement?
Which information is not obtained by cardiac monitoring?
Which condition presents with right lower quadrant visceral pain and anorexia?
A paramedic is to give 0.01 mg/kg of a drug to a patient who weighs 44 pounds. The drug comes supplied as 1 mg/1 mL. How many milliliters should be administered?
Which term describes hives and itching?
Why is morphine useful in acute coronary syndrome?
Which term describes the amount of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction?
Pulmonary edema is most closely associated with which type of heart failure?
Which sign describes yellow-blue bruising around the umbilicus and may indicate intra-abdominal pathology?
Which injuries are most characteristic of the tertiary phase of blast injuries?
A patient expresses intent to harm themselves but refuses transport. What is an appropriate EMS action?
An act that places a person in apprehension of imminent harmful contact is called?
The amount of air you breathe in and out of your lungs in one breath is known as?
In a supine patient, the absence of visible jugular venous distention is most consistent with which condition?
In blast injuries, primary blast injury is caused by which mechanism?
Which maneuver should be avoided to prevent dislodging plaque if a carotid obstruction is suspected?
During cricoid pressure (Sellick maneuver), compression of which structure is used to prevent regurgitation during airway management?
Which area has the highest risk of infection following a soft tissue injury?
What percent oxygen does a simple face mask typically deliver?
Which medication inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in cardiac ischemia?
Which statement best differentiates Type 2 diabetes from Type 1?
Which finding helps distinguish cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax?
A patient has not taken his BP medications in the last 3 days because he ran out. He complains of a headache. BP is 250/170. What is your best option for treatment?
An adult patient with depression says there is nothing to live for and wants to stay with a friend. How should EMS respond?
Which hemodynamic parameter is most directly reduced by diuretic therapy such as Lasix?
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in which body cavity?
The closure of the foramen ovale after birth is primarily due to the constriction of which vessel?
Which presentation is commonly associated with meningitis in children?
In a laboring patient with prolonged labor, severe abdominal pain, and signs of shock, which diagnosis must be considered?
The eustachian tube connects the nasal cavities with the?
A respiratory pattern consisting of irregular respirations that vary in depth and are interpreted by intervals is known as which pattern?
Failing to transfer care to a professional trained at least to your level of education constitutes Abandonment.
Which of the following is NOT a local complication of IV therapy?
Which antiarrhythmic class is associated with positive inotropy and helps prevent reentrant arrhythmias by blocking potassium channels?
What is the most reliable methods of monitoring ET tube placement?
Which organ produces clotting factors?
Terminal sign of irreversible hypovolemic shock?
Which condition is typically associated with right shoulder pain due to referred pain?
Which of the following is NOT typically sustained in the tertiary phase of blast injuries?
The PR interval on an electrocardiogram measures the time from the start of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization. What range is considered normal?
Which signs are typical of peritonitis?
Which device can deliver up to 100% oxygen at the highest flow rates during resuscitation?
Which structure acts as a flap to prevent food from entering the airway during swallowing?
A viral upper respiratory infection with a bark-like cough and inspiratory stridor is most consistent with which condition?
Which drug should be administered first to a patient experiencing a systemic allergic reaction with facial edema, tearing, generalized hives, and severe dyspnea?
A patient with substernal chest pain for 30 minutes, pale and moist skin, blood pressure 70/40, ST elevation in lead 3, and clear lung sounds is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Degenerative joint disease with aging is associated with which condition in the provided content?
On arrival to a scene with a patient in cardiac arrest and no visible DNR, what should you do?
After oxygen, what is the first drug administered for a patient in ventricular fibrillation who has not responded to defibrillation?
What sign is commonly associated with atherosclerosis in carotid arteries?
MODS is most consistently described as occurring at the end stage of which process?
Epigastric pain radiating to the back in a patient who abuses alcohol most suggests which condition?
Which clinical finding supports the notion that an abdominal aneurysm is compromising blood flow to a leg?
What do anti-diuretics do?
Dromotropic refers to which aspect of cardiac function?
Which medication inhibits platelet aggregation and is effective in treating cardiac ischemia?
When dealing with an agitated psych patient, which approach is recommended?
Which term describes dead tissue at the center of a full-thickness burn?
Which drug causes vasodilation to increase venous capacity thus lowers preload?
The phrenic nerve fibers originate from which spinal levels?
A 65-year-old patient with COPD presents with sudden onset of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath after coughing vigorously. Neck veins flat, trachea midline, lung sounds absent on the right and normal on the left. No fever or hemoptysis. VS: BP 132/78, P 110, R 30 shallow, SpO2 92%. What should you suspect?
Which of the following ranges would indicate a prolonged QRS interval when assessing ECGs?
What compensatory mechanism does the body use to maintain normal blood pressure in the early phase of hypovolemic shock?
Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly associated with metabolic alkalosis?
Swollen, painful lower leg with tender femoral vein and calf tenderness indicates which condition?
What is the recommended action for protruding organs?
Diabetic emergency characterized by high blood sugar and ketosis described as diabetic ketoacidosis is which option?
Absence of sweating below the level of injury is a sign of which condition?
In red blood cells, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form what?
What are the three common symptoms of an allergic reaction?
In hypovolemic shock, which sign is typically observed?
Pinpoint pupils, unconsciousness, and slowed respirations are most indicative of which condition?
Why is the left lateral recumbent position recommended for pregnant patients in certain emergencies?
Which congenital disorder affects movement and tone from birth?
Epinephrine is given to patients with allergic reactions/anaphylaxis to stimulate which receptors?
Which finding best indicates hypovolemic shock in a patient with spinal cord injury?
In hip fracture evaluation, which statement is true?
Which sign is not typically associated with pneumothorax?
In a sprain, which tissue is injured?
Approximately how much air does a healthy adult at rest inhale per breath?
In a pregnant patient with suspected pelvic fracture after a motor vehicle crash, what is the recommended transport position?
What is the normal arterial blood pH range?
Grey Turner's sign is associated with which condition?
Which of the following is NOT a beta-blocker?
In a pregnant patient, contractions suddenly stop. This finding is most concerning for which condition?
Which auscultation finding is most indicative of pulmonary edema?
How is blood loss during and after delivery measured?
RAAS stands for which of the following?
A midshaft femur fracture without knee or hip involvement is best managed with which device?
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?
A QRS duration longer than 0.12 seconds is considered prolonged. Which range would indicate a prolonged QRS?
A device that receives a transmission from a low-power source on one frequency and retransmits it at a higher power on another frequency is a/an?
What is the process called when you ask a patient for more information to clarify an unclear aspect of their story?
Using a bag-valve-mask without supplemental oxygen delivers approximately what percentage of oxygen?
What is the normal PaCO2 range in a healthy adult?
Which virus is most commonly associated with mononucleosis?
Which of the following is an example of secondary MODS?
Which antiarrhythmic class prolongs the cardiac action potential by blocking potassium channels?
A drug that blocks muscarinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system would be classified as:
Where is S2 best auscultated?
Which pleural layer covers the lungs?
What is the antidote for beta-blocker overdose, as described in the material?
Where is the vision center located in the brain?
In chest pain management, if the first nitroglycerin dose reduces pain only slightly (e.g., from 9 to 8), what is the next drug to administer?
Cor pulmonale refers to which condition?
A patient presents with tearing epigastric pain that radiates to the back. Which assessment is most appropriate?
Which change most directly stimulates chemoreceptors?
In a patient with known bone metastasis presenting with thigh pain, which fracture type is most likely?
A patient has a small arm laceration with minimal bleeding. What is the immediate first aid action?
Normal PR interval falls within which time range?
A person who abused alcohol is likely to have issues with which organ?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Beck's Triad?
Distributive shock is defined as a medical condition in which:
Which term refers to false statements spoken aloud to injure someone's reputation?
Right-sided heart failure commonly presents with which finding?
Divers that ascend too rapidly can develop which condition?
A patient with substernal chest pain for 30 minutes, hypotension, pale moist skin, and ST elevation in lead III is suspected to have which condition?
You suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, yet his SaO2 is 98%. How is this possible?
Which describes the pharmacologic action of furosemide (Lasix) when used in pulmonary edema?
As we age, what change occurs in the heart?
If you administer an antidysrhythmic drug that is a complete sodium channel blocker, which outcome would you expect?
What are likely immediate life-threatening effects of electrical or lightning burns?
In symptomatic bradycardia, what is the first pharmacologic intervention?
Which statement about the rapid trauma assessment is true?
The COPD phenotype described as blue appearance with chronic productive cough is:
The brain structure that relays sensory information to the cortex is:
What is the purpose of placing the patient in a neutral (in-line) position during spinal immobilization?
What is flail chest?
Which term describes the consideration of multiple possible diagnoses before a final diagnosis is established?
Which of the following is a typical symptom indicating a urinary tract infection?
A 72-year-old man with a long smoking history presents with progressive dyspnea and adopts a tripod position with diffuse wheezing on exam. Which condition is most likely?</question>
Which description best matches gout and its typical presentation?
Rovsing sign is positive when palpation of the left lower quadrant causes pain in the right lower quadrant, indicating which condition?
What is an analgesic?
The depression between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue is the?
Who can you give a copy of the PCR without a subpoena or signed consent?
What part of the brain controls reasoning, language, and sensation?
A patient presents with a bitter almond odor on his breath. This may suggest?
What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart from the vena cava to the aorta?
To visualize the tympanic membrane you would use a/an?
Who are more susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning?
Which presynaptic receptor inhibits release of norepinephrine?
If a patient with a strong gag reflex refuses an oropharyngeal airway, what is your next step in securing the airway?
Tendons attach to which structure?
Which statement best describes psychosis?
Which statement best describes the prehospital management of suspected hip fracture?
The Moro reflex is best described as?
A bag-valve-mask device with an oxygen reservoir can deliver up to ____ of oxygen with flow rates at 10-15 liters per minute.
Which anatomical structure allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs by connecting the right and left atria before birth?
To treat metabolic acidosis, which is the most direct intervention?
Which sign described in the material is associated with a brown recluse bite?
Which of the following is a relative contraindication to nasal intubation?
Air embolism can occur as a complication of which blast injury type?
In the management of a prolapsed uterus with exposed tissue, which is the primary reason for keeping the tissue moistened with a dressing?
Which therapy is described as a last resort for life-threatening dysrhythmias due to hyperkalemia?
Unilateral coldness of the extremities suggests?
A tension pneumothorax is suggested by which finding?
Carotenemia is best described as what?
An adult patient presents with night sweats, easy bruising, epistaxis, and joint pain. Which condition should the paramedic suspect?
Narcan is which pharmacologic class?
Which finding best describes compensated shock in children?
Which statements are required to appropriately accept a patient's refusal of treatment?
Which drug is recommended during resuscitation for persistent VF/VT after initial defibrillation attempts?
Which auscultation finding is most associated with fluid in the alveoli?
A paramedic is ordered to administer 450 mg of calcium chloride. The medication is supplied as 1 g in 10 mL. How many milliliters should be drawn up?
Which statement correctly describes atherosclerosis?
Which action best addresses respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation?
What is the outer layer of the heart?
An albuterol treatment administered before contacting medical direction exemplifies which EMS authorization?
Which vein is NOT typically used for central venous access?
A sprain involves injury to which of the following?
MODS (Multiple Organ Dysfunction) is best defined as what?
Which statement best describes the difference between ventilation and respiration?
A conscious adult with regular monomorphic ventricular tachycardia presents after oxygen and IV access; what action is appropriate next?
Which clinical sign is commonly associated with a hip fracture?
Fixed and dilated pupils suggest which condition?
The use of PASG is indicated in the treatment of which of the following musculoskeletal injuries?
Rovsing sign is associated with which condition?
What does HEPA stand for?
Metabolic alkalosis commonly results from which conditions, with hypokalemia often present?
This nerve innervates the tongue and, when injured, causes the tongue to deviate toward the side of the lesion. Which nerve is it?
Which vertebrae keep the diaphragm alive by supplying its nerve endings?
Which statement correctly describes carbon monoxide's affinity for hemoglobin?
Constricted pupils suggest which condition?
Which of the following is a cranial nerve?
In ARDS, which intervention is typically required to maintain breathing?
Presynaptic inhibition of norepinephrine release is a function of which receptor subtype?
A patient asks to say 'Aaah' and notices the uvula deviates to the left. This suggests a lesion to which nerve?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are agonists at which receptor subtypes?
Periorbital ecchymosis and mastoid discoloration are classic signs of?
Pain that is felt in a location other than where it originates is called?
In a pregnant patient with hypertension and tachycardia, which type of drug is indicated?
Which condition is associated with chronic productive cough and blue bloater morphology?
Which statement best describes BiPAP ventilation?
The major advantage of using a nasopharyngeal airway is?
What is the percent oxygen provided by a nasal cannula?
Which drug class reduces adrenergic stimulation of beta receptors?
Cardizem is the brand name for which medication?
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of increased intracranial pressure?
A patient working around nerve agents begins sweating, drooling, and tearing. What is the most likely poisoning?
A patient inhaled ammonia and chlorine in a closed room. After assuring your own safety, which should you do first with this patient?
What is one primary function of ATP in cells?
Which of these can identify progression from preeclampsia to eclampsia?
Beta blockers end in what suffix?
In a patient with congestive heart failure, auscultation reveals a popping sound described as 'hair being rubbed between the fingers'. Which term best describes this finding?
When you focus on a distant object and then on a near object, what should normally happen to the pupils?
In cardiac tamponade, what is the status of breath sounds?
In a chest-injury patient on bag-valve-mask ventilation, the bag becomes increasingly harder to squeeze with JVD, tachycardia, and hypotension. The most likely cause is which?
An ethnocentric person would be most likely to which statement?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with renal calculi?
A pediatric patient is actively seizing and is febrile. What drug class are you going to administer?
Transporting a patient without consent or restraining without authority is commonly alleged as which tort?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system and neuromuscular junction?
What is the method used to score an airway in a patient who needs to be intubated?
Which of the following complications is associated with the demand valve use?
Your patient is semi conscious with a gag reflex. Which airway adjunct is indicated?
Which formula correctly calculates drip rate?
Oliguria is defined as which of the following?
An alert patient refuses medical evaluation; EMT touches them against their will. The EMT could be charged with which crime?
A radial pulse +1 in the chart indicates that the pulse is?
A demand valve resuscitator will deliver up to ___ oxygen at its highest flow rates.
In pediatric airways, the cricoid cartilage acts as a cuff because it is the narrowest part of the airway.
A seizure characterized by an aura and focal findings lasting about 1-2 minutes is called which type?
A major cause of mortality after a traumatic duodenal rupture in addition to hemorrhage is which of the following?
RSV is best described as what?
A 54-year-old patient with a productive cough and heavy smoking develops edema and JVD; cannot lie flat; warm dry skin with dusky nail beds. Which is most likely the cause of JVD and edema?
Which statement correctly describes CPAP and BIPAP?
Cations are:
Hyperventilation syndrome causes
Infection of the submandibular space under the tongue, often arising from infection of second or third molars, may cause airway obstruction. This condition is known as:
Which finding is associated with Cushing's triad in the presence of increased intracranial pressure?
Which term describes a set of standard guidelines for treating specific patient conditions?
Which sequence correctly lists the brain coverings from outermost to innermost?
7th Cranial nerve causes facial droop. Which nerve is it?
Injuring a person's character or reputation through spoken words is called which of the following?
In the described case, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Exposure to nerve agents commonly results in what type of poisoning due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition?
The presence of ascites is a classic sign of?
Which statement best reflects Beck's triad?
In metabolic acidosis, which bicarbonate value would you expect?
The Cushing reflex is typically seen with increased intracranial pressure and includes which sign?
In jugular vein injury with risk of air embolism due to negative intrathoracic pressure, which action best prevents air entering?
What is decorticate posturing?
Patient has a glucose of 28 mg/dL and IV access cannot be established; what is the next best drug to administer?
Causative factor in respiratory depression and arrest includes head trauma, stroke, brain tumors, and various drugs. What is the broad category?
Cheyne Stokes respirations are described as:
You have a major jugular vein laceration. You must immediately?
Which of these is a renal or intrarenal cause of acute renal failure?
Your patient presents with jugular vein distention, absent breath sounds on the left side, diminished breath sounds on the right side, tachycardia, and profound hypotension. You should?
In pediatric patients, which statement about the airway is true?
Hypercalcemia in the myocardium results in which of the following effects?
Which of the following is used for RSI?
After trauma with malocclusion and hematoma on the floor of the mouth, which fracture is most likely?
Erythema is described as which of the following?
When oxygen and glucose levels drop, brain cells resort to which metabolism to stay alive?
Which ECG wave represents ventricular repolarization?
During electrical injury, which electrolyte is released from cells?
In jaundice, which area shows color first?
Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull with rapid deterioration requiring urgent surgery is most consistent with which type of hematoma?
Which type of pain is from peripheral nerve tracts and is well localized?
Pink frothy sputum is most commonly associated with which condition?
What is the action of a drug classified as an antagonist?
In a patient with suspected acute coronary syndrome who has already received oxygen and established IV access, what is the next best medication to administer?
Kortokoff sounds are generated by what physiological event?
Which term refers to the volume of blood filling the heart just before contraction?
What percent oxygen does a non-rebreather provide?
Which is appropriate treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is the correct immediate action when faced with a prolapsed umbilical cord?
Which option is NOT a component of the LEMONs airway assessment?
Inflammation of the bronchi presenting with a dry cough and mild fever, chest discomfort?
Left-sided heart failure can lead to which complication?
Inflammation of the epiglottis with sudden onset, bacterial origin, and drooling is called?
Presynaptic alpha-2 receptors have what primary action?
An elderly patient presents with unilateral pain and a vesicular itchy rash on the face. The most likely diagnosis is?
What type of venous access is described by lines such as internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral?
What is the middle layer of the heart?
In the treatment of pulmonary edema with a loop diuretic, which statement best describes its action?
An unrestrained victim of a high-speed motor vehicle crash presents with a sternal bruise, pale and anxious. Vital signs: BP in the right arm 120/80, left arm 110/72; pulse 120; respirations 20; SpO2 96%. Neck veins are flat; breath sounds clear and equal; heart tones normal; abdomen soft. Femoral and pedal pulses diminished. Which injury should the paramedic suspect?
You have just assisted in a delivery of a newborn. The infant has gasping respirations and a falling heart rate. What do you do next?
Cheyne Stokes respirations include apneas lasting how long?
A harsh, high pitched respiratory sound is called?
Which symptom is a typical sign of right-sided heart failure?
Which body systems are most affected by narcotics and opiates?
In the context of narcotics and opiates, which combination of body systems is primarily affected?
The narrowest part of the adults upper airway is at the level of the?
When a dressing saturated with blood is present on a large forearm laceration, what is the next appropriate action?
Cultural imposition is best described as
Which neurotransmitter is widely distributed and mediates the synaptic activity of the nervous system?
An 88-year-old patient with slow heart rate and hypotension is bradycardic; which drug should be administered first?
In a patient with narcotic overdose who is breathing about four times per minute, which acid-base disturbance best fits?
During abdominal examination, which description best defines rebound tenderness?
A patient weighing 40 kg is to receive 0.01 mg/kg. What is the total milligram dose?
Lactic acid production occurs during anaerobic metabolism when oxygen is scarce. Which condition is most closely associated with this process?
Asymptomatic chest pain is most typical in which patient population?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are examples of which category of catecholamines?
What is the most prevalent cation in extracellular fluid?
Which skin layer is rich in blood vessels and nerves?
Para means:
What does BSI stand for in scene safety context?
Which of the following conditions may not impair the clotting system?
Metabolic acidosis occurs when acid generation exceeds _______.
Blast injuries from displacement of the victim by the blast wind, causing blunt or penetrating trauma and fractures?
Morphine is which type of drug at receptor sites?
Which dressing is used to treat an open pneumothorax?
Which pairing correctly matches autonomic division to its primary transmitter?
Petit Mal seizures are another name for which type of seizure?
A patient fell off a ladder; lung sounds are diminished on the left side. What is the initial management?
Sellick's maneuver is performed to minimize aspiration risk during intubation.
Topical nitroglycerin is described as...
Which statement about the sympathetic nervous system is true?
T-wave inversion in lead aVR is considered which of the following?
McBurney's point is classically associated with which acute condition?
In the described presentation with chest pain, hypotension, and clear lungs, which diagnosis is most consistent?
Which seizure type is described as focal onset with aura and impaired consciousness?
Cranial nerves are defined as nerves that originate from the brain rather than the spinal cord.
What is the action of a drug classified as an agonist?
Anaerobic metabolism due to decreased oxygen creates which acids that contribute to metabolic acidosis?
What pH range is considered alkaline (alkali)?
The portion of the brain responsible for memory:
Respiratory acidosis is primarily caused by retention of which gas?
Which valve allows blood to leave the left ventricle and enter the aorta?
A medication order requires a 75 mg dose. If the medication is supplied as 50 mg/mL, how many milliliters are needed?
Which statement correctly describes respiratory acidosis versus respiratory alkalosis?
The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the closure of which valves?
Using the Rule of Nines in an adult, what is the total body surface area burned for: partial-thickness burns of the chest and abdomen, the perineum, and the entire anterior surface of both legs?
Initial cause of metabolic alkalosis is _______.
Which set of symptoms are typical for influenza?
Which sign is classically associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage?
Which statement best describes the relationship between ventilation and respiration?
Which sign describes periumbilical ecchymosis?
Which factor increases the likelihood for older adults to develop lung disease?
A 23-year-old patient experiences sudden severe shortness of breath and sharp right-sided chest pain after a long flight. Lungs are clear bilaterally, and the patient is pale and diaphoretic. Which diagnosis is most likely?
Which valve connects the right atrium to the right ventricle?
The portion of the brain responsible for balance, coordination, and movement:
Which sign is most indicative of an expanding subdural hematoma with brain shift?
Which congenital disease is characterized by mucus buildup in the lungs due to pancreatic failure?
What is the best practice to avoid needle-stick injuries?
Which decision-making style focuses on the most important aspect of the situation and avoids distractions?
Which of the following is an example of primary MODS?
Cardiac tamponade is characterized by which finding?
Which anatomical space is affected by ascites?
Which combination of findings is most worrisome for a rapidly expanding intracranial bleed with brain shift?
Which posture is most indicative of brainstem injury and is generally considered more ominous?
Peaked T-waves on an ECG most commonly indicate which electrolyte disturbance?
Medical asepsis is best described as which of the following?
Which neurotransmitter is released at parasympathetic postganglionic synapses?
Which mechanism increases respiratory stimulation when PaO2 falls and inhibits it when PaO2 rises?
Which action best demonstrates correct scene management when exposure to hazards is suspected?
Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential is primarily due to the influx of which ion?
What is the correct amount of fluid to administer to a five-week-old infant weighing 8 pounds with significant dehydration?
Lidocaine concentration in mg/mL for 400 mg in 250 mL is which of the following?
Immediately after birth, the ____ constricts, causing a change in blood pressure that forces the foramen ovale to close?
Describe pharmacodynamics versus pharmacokinetics.
In Mallampati classification, which class is typically the easiest to intubate?
A group of radio frequencies that are close together is called?
In a female in prolonged labor with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock, what condition should be suspected?
If a patient provides incorrect answers during an interview, what should you do?
Which is an example of therapeutic communication?
What is the nature of a generic drug name?
Drug given for OD on amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant)
The anterior fontanelle is used to estimate an infant's state of hydration.
In blast injuries, tertiary blast injury is caused by which mechanism?
Dysarthria is best described as a speech defect caused by?
Which receptor stimulates contraction of smooth muscle and increases blood pressure via vasoconstriction?
Bicarbonate level greater than 26 mEq/L indicates which disturbance?
Which is the preferred intraosseous access site for a pediatric patient?
What pH range is considered acidic?
Rales (wet lung sounds) are most commonly indicative of which condition?
Which organism is most commonly associated with foodborne illness presenting with nausea and vomiting?
A unilateral sluggish pupil is most commonly caused by which condition?
What pH range is considered neutral?
Which condition presents with pain, burning, tingling on one side of the body?
Beck's Triad indicates which condition?
Relief of chest pain after nitroglycerin in a patient with chest pain suggests which condition?
Compared with viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis is typically more severe and is commonly caused by which organism?
Which of the following best describes the risk factors for pulmonary embolism?
Inadequate tissue perfusion leading to sustained cellular hypoxia is associated with which cellular dysfunction?
A patient with a femur fracture who has a fast pulse and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute: what triage color is this?
What factors influence IV flow?
A paramedic is first to respond to a nine-vehicle incident; after scene size-up, what is the next appropriate action?
Which of the following is a treatment option for ARDS?
An endotracheal tube inserted too far will most likely rest in?
At what body temperature do brain cells die and seizures become imminent?
The trachea divides into right and left mainstem at the?
What is decerebrate posturing?
While riding a snowmobile, assessment reveals anterior neck abrasions after a neck-level impact. Which injury should the paramedic suspect?
Which statement correctly describes the action of a complete sodium channel blocker?
How should you approach crush syndrome when a body part is trapped under a crushing object?
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood is known as?
A secondary feature of the mammalian diving reflex is what?
When approaching a shooting at a bar, how should you position your unit?
In blast injuries, which phase is responsible for tympanic membrane rupture and pulmonary barotrauma?
Which intervention directly addresses the underlying cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Which cation is most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
Compare hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states. Which statement describes their presentations according to the material?
If there is a chance of re-freezing, what should you avoid with frostbite?
Which statement correctly defines the 'Dub' sound?
Which of the following will not interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary motor activity and fine tuning movement?

Students – Paramedic Practice Exam

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